مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 152، تیر 1398)

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has potentially significant physiological and psychological consequences. The main method to control the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is surgical advancement of genioglossus muscle (GA) or genial tubercle (GTA). Therefore, for pre-operation arrangements, surgeons definitely need to know the exact location of genial tubercle and the muscles attached to it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the location and dimensions of genial tubercle in the patients with class I and II occlusion with cone bean computed tomography (CBCT). In this descriptive cross-sectional study, cone bean computed tomographyimages of 152 adults (76 males and 76 females) with class I and II occlusion were inspected and the location and dimensions of genial tubercle (Height =GTH / Width=GTW / the distance between the apices of central teeth and the Superior border of genial tubercle=LI-SGT / the distance between the inferior border of genial tubercle and the inferior border of mandible= IGT-IBM / the anterior diameter of mandible = MT) were evaluated. Patients were classified based on their gender and occlusion type.Independent Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used for data analysis and thedata analyzed using SPSS16 software. In all the groups, GTH was located near GTW. The measured data for GTH, GTW, LI-SGT, IGT-IBM and MT were 8.6-06 .57 mm, 8.6-19.47 mm, 7.6-13.56 mm, 8.7-47.40 mm, and 14.11-57.78 mm, respectively. No significant difference was indicated for GTW and LI-SGT based on malocclusion and for LI-SGT based on gender (P>0.05). Various locations and different size of this structure among patients imply that it is necessary for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea to obtain a CBCT image before surgical operation

Sex steroids have multiple roles in regulating of body lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of orchidectomy and administration of testosterone and estradiol on lipid profile in male rats. In this experimental study, 40 male rats were divided into groups of 5 animals in each: control, orchidectomized, testosterone or estradiol receiving, orchidectomized testosterone receiving, estradiol receiving, orchidectomized estradiol receiving, sham and olive oil receiving rats. Testosterone enanthate (10µg/kg/day) and estradiol valerate (2µg/kg/day) were injected intraperitoneally. After 7 weeks, blood samples were obtained and serum levels of lipid profile were measured using spectrophotometry method. Data were analyzed using SPSS19 software and ANOVA. Serum level of triglyceride and VLDL significantly decreased in orchidectomized group compared to the control group (P<0.01). Serum LDL and HDL levels were not significantly changed in all groups compared with the control group. Compared to the control group, there was a significant decrease in serum cholesterol levels in orchiectomized (P<0.01), testosterone receiving (P<0.001), estradiol receiving orchiectomized (P<0.01), testosterone receiving orchidectomized (P <0.01) groups. The results of this study indicated that orchidectomy and decreased testosterone results in rapid decrease in cholesterol levels; however, testosterone or estradiol administration did not revert the cholesterol levels to its normal levels. Administration of testosterone causes decreased TG and VLDL levels, but did not significantly change lipid profile.

Today, probiotics are known to be effective in preventing the spread of many infectious diseases. Probiotic are living microorganisms that will be beneficial for the health of the host when used in adequate amounts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus isolated from traditional milk and yogurt. Probiotic properties of five Lactobacillus strains isolated from traditional milk and yoghurt of Babol including L. plantarum M19-1, L. paralimentarius M4-3, L. paracasei M18-1, L. paracasei Y8-1, L.paracasei Y1-3 and L. fermentum Y2-2 were studied. The inhibitory effect of these strains against Salmonella enteritidis H7 was measured. These strains also investigated for antibiotic susceptibility, resistance to acidic conditions, resistance to bile salts, and hemolysis. The highest inhibitory effect was observed by Y1-3 strain with a mean diameter of 14 mm. In acid tolerance test at pH 2.5, M18-1 strain had the highest resistance, which its colonies were countable after three hours. Strains M19-1 showed the highest resistance to bile (MRS broth contains 0.3% bile) with Cinh 0.26. None of the strains had hemolysis activity. Lactobacillus strains with good inhibitory effects against Salmonella enteritidis could be isolated from milk and yogurt, which can be used as a probiotic candidate for the prevention or treatment of this bacterial infection, but further studies are needed

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease in the nervous system; It has many problems due to its chronic and promising nature. The treatment of this disease includes medical care and empowerment interventions for symptom management. The purpose of this study was to review the empowerment interventions in these patients. This study was conducted in a Systematic Reviewperiod from January 2000 to June 2018. On indexing sites “Magiran, PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct” searched the key words of Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Disease, Quality of Life, Self-care, Self-management, Rehabilitation, Empowerment, Psychotherapy, Psychological interventions, Clinical Trials, and Randomized Clinical Trial. Out of 1855 articles found, 33 articles were selected for review. The results of this study showed that empowerment interventions in people with MS can be divided into four categories of self-care, self-management, rehabilitation and psychotherapy interventions. Lack of attention to empowerment interventions in people with MS, especially in the Iran, low attention to male patients in implementing interventions, failure to consider the theoretical framework in the formulation of interventions, lack of follow-up test and non-use of virtual intervention methods (Such as using DVDs, consulting and telephone training, etc.) in Iranian studies, is one of the most respected points in previous studies. Empowerment studies have provided significant results in reducing symptoms and improving the quality of life of patients, which can help improve these interventions by considering some of the points.

The Purpose of this study examined the effect of Kinesio taping the quadriceps femurs muscle of active students on anaerobic muscle power (AMP) and the anaerobic threshold (AT) to analyze the functional value of taping on athletic performance capacity. Twenty eight male healthy students with a mean age of 22.02±2.2 years were enrolled in this study voluntarily and randomly divided into two groups of taping (n=13) and control (n=15) groups. The anaerobic muscle power (AMP) was measured by the Wingate test, and the anaerobic threshold of participants was measured by a dependent maximal treadmill protocol (Conconi Test) with a week gap. Kinesio tapes, 5 cm in width, were applied to quadriceps femurs muscles of participants. The anaerobic threshold was evaluated after 7 days taping, then after 7 days, the anaerobic muscle power was re-evaluated. Normality of data and homogeneity were tested by Shapiro–Wilk test. Paired sample t-test for within groups and independent t-test for between groups comparison were used to analyses the hypotheses (P≤0.05). The results showed that there were significant differences between pre and posttest of total time, total distance, maximum velocity, LTP1, anaerobic capacity, maximum power and anaerobic capacity ratio after taping. There were no significant differences between pre and posttest in the control group. Taping of the quadriceps femurs muscle of active students was effective on the anaerobic muscle power and the anaerobic threshold, indicating its beneficial effects for athletic performance.

In PET imaging, one or both of two annihilation photons may change the direction before reaching the detector due to Compton scattering interaction in body. This article, a Monte Carlo simulation study, examined the effect of soft tissue on this error.In this work, the PET BiographTM 6 scanner, a simple geometry of soft tissue -including a sphere of soft tissue in center of PET ringwith various radii (from 0.5 to 30cm)- and two kinds of 511keV gamma source –point source and spherical source - were simulated by Monte Carlo MCNPX code to investigate scattering effect of soft tissue on PET imaging. Analysis of the results of the simulation showed that, the majority scattered photons fell within the energy window without much loss of energy. Soft tissue around the point source at a distance of 8 to 12cm from the source and soft tissue around the spherical source at a distance of 8cm from the center had the most scattering effect in PET imaging. The scattering effect of soft tissue around the point source was more than the spherical source. The scattering effect of the adjacent organs is more than the non-adjacent organs.For high thicknessof soft tissue (more than20cm of radius), the attenuation effect is as obvious as the scattering effect. According to the results of this study, the patient's body thickness -in the abdominal region-could be a more accurate alternative for the patient's weight for increasing the injected dose into obese patients.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy and hope therapy on quality of life, life expectancy, resiliency in patients with thalassemia who went to Bushehr Thalassemia Therapy Center in 2017. The study was experimental and census was used. It consisted of 21 patients with thalassemia in Bushehr province who were randomly divided into two experimental groups of cognitive-behavioral therapy and hope therapy and one control group. To conduct the research, World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, Life Expectancy Questionnaire by Schneider and Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale were used. All the patients completed the questionnaires before and after the intervention. In order to analyze data, analysis of covariance was performed. In the therapy group, the majority of the patients were female, single and held a bachelor's degree. Similarly, in the control group, the highest proportion belonged to females and married patients, whereas a minority held a bachelor's degree. Compared with the control group, the findings of analysis of covariance revealed that both cognitive-behavioral therapy and hope therapy were significantly effective (p-value<0.05). Cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly increased quality of life, life expectancy and resiliency (37%), (14%) and (20%), respectively. Also, hope therapy significantly increased quality of life, life expectancy and resiliency (98%), (29%) and (11%), respectively. The findings showed that hope therapy was more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy in increasing quality of life, life expectancy and resiliency. The results indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy and hope therapy were effective in enhancing the quality of life, life expectancy and resiliency in the patients with thalassemia. Hence, considering psychological interventions, in addition to physical therapies, is of particular importance.

Fissure sealant is one of the most important and effective preventing techniques. Having proper information and guidelines is the most important factors for the success of treatment. Therefore, in this study, the knowledge, attitude and practice of general dentists about fissure sealant in Yazd in 2017 were evaluated. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by a questionnaire in which 140 general dentists were investigated in Yazd. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information, 9 questions about awareness of the issue of Fissure sealant, 4 questions about people's attitude and 7 questions about their practice. After gathering the data, they were analyzed by SPSS 20 version 18 software and ANOVA test. The results of the study showed that the majority of General dentists had a good knowledge (85.72%),their attitude level (77.14%) and performance (85%) were moderate.There was a significant difference in knowledge (P-value = 0.004) and practice (P-value = 0.000) levels in age group and work experience, but there was no significant difference in attitude level (P-value = 0.980). According to the results, the knowledge of dentists in Yazd seems to be good in most cases, but their attitudes and practice are moderate and in some cases poor, despite having good knowledge, the results indicate that they are not up to date with new information and resources. This indicates the need to train new resources in retraining courses with emphasis on functional weaknesses and dentists' awareness.